枸杞 內容簡介

　　Wolfberry （Goji Berry），Lycium genus of Solanaceae，is one of the species with ancient origin.It has high adaptability to natural conditions.It is widely distributed in Asia，Africa，America and Australia，in addition to some of the subtropical areas.It can grow on mountains，hills，sandlands，red soils or even saline lands.As an economic crop and an item of traditional Chinese medicine，it has a cultivation history of more than 2，300 years in China.Nowadays，China is the world's major producer and exporter of Goji berry，and has an important position in the international Goji berry industry and trade.Goji berry production is concentrated in Northwest China such as Ningxia，Qinghai and Xinjiang.By 2020，the commercial production area and quantity of Goji fresh berry in the world reached about 90，000 h㎡ and one million tons，respectively，of which more than 98% of the total production came from Northwest China.In particular，the Goji berry cultivation in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region has covered 23，330 hectares with the annual Goji fresh berry production of 260，000 tons，25% of which is processed into varieties of products with a comprehensive output value of CNY 21 billion.Ningxia has become the world's core zone of Goji berry production with the best industrial foundation，the most production factors，the highest scientific and technological supports and the most famous brand of Goji berry development.In 2008，the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Finance jointly launched the programs of "Goji Berry Modern Industrial Technology System" and "Goji Berry Innovation Alliance"，to set up a "National Industrial Technology System" to closely link and serve for the industrial development from germplasm resources，breeding，cultivation and production to processing，from production and processing to consumption，from research and development to market.It has further promoted the cooperation among scientific institutions and growers.In recent years，the Goji berry scientists and extensionists in China，especially in Ningxia，have made continuous innovations and reforms in germplasm resource collection and evaluation，new variety breeding，pest control，cultivation technology，plantation management，storage and processing，marketing，etc.A series of new achievements of the times have been widely extended in commercial production，and at the same time the scientific research has been remarkably upgraded.Some of the main achievements include：Firstly，the world's richest germplasm bank of Goji berry has been set up with more than 2000 Goji berry germplasm materials.The whole genome sequencing and physical map assembly of 12 chromosomes of Goji berry have been completed.A large number of improved lines of red fruit Goji berry，yellow fruit Goji berry，black fruit Goji berry with excellent characters such as large fruit，high yield and high content of effective ingredients have been developed.An integrated modern system of plantlet production has been set up from breeding to multiplication to extension in commercial production.Secondly，a new mode of Goji berry cultivation has been developed，reducing the use of chemical fertilizers by 20% and saving water by more than 30%.A simplified cultivation technology system has been set up in Ningxia with a demonstration and extension area of 23，333 hectares.Technologies such as water and fertility regulation，cultivation at difficult sites and mechanized operation for commercial production have been developed and extended.A series of Goji berry production technical specifications have been formulated.