Chapter 1 The Tudor Age .1 Monarchs ................................................................................................................................................2 Politics and religion ............................................................................................................................5 Overseas exploration ..........................................................................................................................8 Society and economy ....................................................................................................................... 10 Cultural climax .................................................................................................................................. 11 Glossary ................................................................................................................................................ 15 Further study ..................................................................................................................................... 17 Learning activities and tasks ....................................................................................................... 18 Chapter 2 House of Stuart ....................................................................23 Monarchs ............................................................................................................................................. 24 Wars and revolutions ...................................................................................................................... 29 Politics and religion ......................................................................................................................... 36 Science and technology ................................................................................................................. 38 Economy and culture ..................................................................................................................... 40 Glossary ................................................................................................................................................ 45 Further study ..................................................................................................................................... 48 Learning activities and tasks ....................................................................................................... 49 Chapter 3 House of Hanover ...............................................................55 Monarchs ............................................................................................................................................. 56 Political system ................................................................................................................................. 61 Expansion of the British Empire ................................................................................................. 63 American Revolution ....................................................................................................................... 64 Literature in the 18th century..................................................................................................... 67 Tof aCbolnetents vi Glossary ................................................................................................................................................ 71 Further study ..................................................................................................................................... 73 Learning activities and tasks ....................................................................................................... 74 Chapter 4 The Industrial Revolution ................................................79 Why it occurred in Britain ........................................................................................................... 80 What were revolutionized ............................................................................................................ 83 How it changed Britain and the world ................................................................................... 87 Glossary ................................................................................................................................................ 93 Further study ..................................................................................................................................... 94 Learning activities and tasks ....................................................................................................... 95 Chapter 5 The Victorian Era ................................................................99 Scienti?ic and technological progress ...................................................................................100 Political and social progress .....................................................................................................101 The Empire on which the sun never sets ...............................................................................103 Social issues ......................................................................................................................................104 Literature ..........................................................................................................................................107 Glossary ..............................................................................................................................................111 Further study ...................................................................................................................................113 Learning activities and tasks .....................................................................................................114 Chapter 6 England at Two World Wars ......................................... 117 House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha and House of Windsor ......................................................118 Britain at World War I ..................................................................................................................122 Britain after World War I ............................................................................................................125 History of England: From the Tudors to the Present 英國歷史：從都鐸王朝至今 vii Britain at World War II (1939–1945)....................................................................................127 World War II legacy .......................................................................................................................131 Glossary ..............................................................................................................................................133 Further study ...................................................................................................................................135 Learning activities and tasks .....................................................................................................136 Chapter 7 Modern Britain: from 1945 onwards ........................ 141 The end of Empire ..........................................................................................................................142 Toward a welfare state .................................................................................................................144 Social and cultural changes ......................................................................................................147 Glossary ..............................................................................................................................................151 Further study ...................................................................................................................................152 Learning activities and tasks .....................................................................................................153 References .............................................................................................. 157 Picture Credits ...................................................................................... 158 Appendix 1 Family Trees ............................................................... 159 Appendix 2 Timelines ..................................................................... 161 Appendix 3 Prime Ministers ......................................................... 176 Appendix 4 Key to learning activities and tasks .................... 180