PrefaceⅠ More Water Resources in the South, Less in the North （Ⅰ） Three Basis Characteristics of Water Resource Distribution in China （Ⅱ） The Basins of the Yellow River, Huaihe River and Haihe River are the Most Water-scarce Areas in China （Ⅲ） The Advantage of Water Resources of the Yangtze River Basin （Ⅳ） The South-to-North Water Diversion Project is an Inevitable Choice Ⅱ A Decision Made for Half a Century（Ⅰ） The Proposal of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project （Ⅱ） Democratic Verification and Scientific Appraisal （Ⅲ） Making Decisions Ⅲ Layout: Three Water Transfer Projects （Ⅰ） ERP Planning （Ⅱ） MRP Planning （Ⅲ） WRP Planning Ⅳ East Route Project in Progress （Ⅰ） Projects in Jiangsu （Ⅱ） Projects in Shandong （Ⅲ） Pollution Prevention Ⅴ Phase I Middle Route Project in Progress （Ⅰ） Water Resource Projects （Ⅱ） Projects in Henan （Ⅲ） Projects in Hebei （Ⅳ） Projects in Beijing （V） Pollution Prevention and Environmental Protection Ⅵ Protection of Cultural Relics and Archaeological Excavation （Ⅰ） Jiangsu Section of the Eastern Route（Ⅱ） Shandong Section of the Eastern Route （Ⅲ） Water Source Areas in the Middle Route （Ⅳ） Henan Section of the Middle Route （V） Hebei Section of the Middle Route （VI） Beijing Section of the Middle Route